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The Commons
Can we pass up this revenue source?
Posted by Randal O'Toole  ·   6 January 2006  ·  Federal Lands and Parks

New research by Oregon State University scientists found that salvage logging of Oregon's Biscuit fire did more ecological damage than good. It killed more than two-thirds of the seedlings that sprouted after the fire and left debris behind that made the area more susceptible to future fires. This research was reported in today's Oregonian.

To be fair, the research was done by graduate students and at least one forestry professor, Michael Newton, is quoted by the paper saying that killing seedlings today is not the issue -- the issue is how many seedlings will grow into trees in twenty years or so.

On the other hand, another professor of forest ecology, Jerry Franklin, says that the trees that were removed would better have been left to provided nutrients "to nourish forest recovery and lend shelter to wildlife." "Salvage almost never achieves any ecological goal," Franklin is quoted as saying. "It almost always is a tax on the ecological process."

But what is most telling is the Forest Service's response, given by the deputy regional forester for Oregon and Washington national forests. The agency had to sell the trees, he claims, because cutting them brings in revenue that the Forest Service can use to do other work such as stabilize erosive hillsides. "It's a revenue source that we shouldn't be passing up."

In other words, as I have long argued, Forest Service timber sale decisions are driven as much or more by the budgetary incentives built into the sale process as by any social or ecological benefit from cutting timber. Forest Service managers always think they need more money to do some good work in the national forests. If timber can provide that money, they will justify the timber sales in their own minds no matter how sound they are otherwise. The fact that they keep a share of receipts for "overhead" also influences the decisions.

I am sure some people can argue that the timber sales are worthwhile. But my point is that we cannot trust the Forest Service to make such decisions when the rewards to the agency from selling timber are huge and the rewards from not selling it are nil. A secondary point is that the current process actually encourages the Forest Service to design sales so that they lose money because any money made for the Treasury represents an opportunity cost for the Forest Service -- that is money the Forest Service could have kept for itself.

Comments
  1. The academic forestry community will not be satisfied until every tree in America is destroyed by fire or disease.

    You think only the Forest Service benefits from salvage logging. Poor people are the real beneficiaries. When the timber is salvaged, the cost of housing drops.

    It is very easy to go in and replant the seedlings with a fertilizer pellet and space them out to prevent future forest fires. Timber companies have been doing that for over 80 years and there has been a forest fire on their lands.

    That is much better than letting a $1000 log rot on the ground to create a fire, insect and disease risk.

    Posted by: Jake at January 6, 2006 02:37 PM
  2. Those are some amazingly glittering generalities.

    • The academic forestry community is hardly unified, as I noted in my article.
    • The cost of housing is far more dependent on other factors than the cost of wood.
    • Replanting the way you say can be very costly and is often not justified by the returns, especially on steep national forest lands of marginal productivity.
    • A log is only worth $1,000 if you get that much for it. No log creates a fire risk and insects and disease are not serious in the Biscuit fire area -- except for one disease that is spread mainly by logging trucks.

    Posted by: Randal O'Toole at January 6, 2006 04:34 PM
  3. How was the forest managed before the fire--was it 'protected' by 'no-fire' policy or allowed periodic small colder fires? Were trees periodically harvested and thinned? If the policy is 'no revenue stream overlooked' why hasn't the Service been more agressive in persuing sustainable harvest BEFORE the fires. A harvested tree has more value than a salvaged tree.

    Posted by: Tom Tanton at January 7, 2006 10:26 AM
  4. Tom,

    The part that is being salvaged is in a roaded area which means some of the area has previously been clearcut. There probably has never been any thinnings as this was largely a mature or old-growth forest. Nor has there been any periodic burnings -- outside of the Southeast, the Forest Service limits burnings to areas that have been cut (to burn off the fine fuels) and wilderness areas (where natural fires are occasionally allowed to burn).

    Prior to 1990, the Forest Service was aggressively managing these lands for revenue by clearcutting the old-growth forest. The famous old-growth controversy plus other questions about the sustainability of the Forest Service timber program led to a dramatic cessation of timber sale levels on this and many other national forests after 1990. Contrary to the implications of some, this cessation did not contribute to the size of the Biscuit fire.

    In fact, the forests in this part of Oregon are not the type of forests that normally have frequent light fires. Since they are not adapted to such fires, the absence of such fires over the past century did not make them more flammable.

    If you download RMRS-GTR-87 and look at the map on page 36 (Acrobat page 44), only the aqua colored forests (identified in the legend as "I: 0-35 yr frequency. Low severity") are conditioned to frequent light fires and only these forests need some sort of management to reduce fire hazards. As you will see from the map, these are located mainly in the Southeast, the Sierra Nevada, and a few scattered areas east of the Cascade Mountains and in the Rockies. Only about a third of the West is in this type.

    Randal

    Posted by: Randal O'Toole at January 7, 2006 12:03 PM
  5. Randal

    The academic forestry community is committed to "lock it up, let it rot, and burn it down" policy that will mean the end to the forests in America.

    Cost of materials makes up 25% of the cost of the house. The price of lumber has a direct bearing on whether a person can afford the mortage payment or not. Five logs rotting on the forest floor means that a poor family will not realize their dreams of owning a home.

    Why can timber companies afford to replant? The US Forest Service also replanted before "lock it up, let it rot, and burn it down" crowd got power within the Service. It might be nice if the "environmental" groups divert the hundreds of millions of dollars it gives to Democrats every year to replanting our forests.

    Logs rotting on the forest floor are a sink for destructive diseases and insects plus they are a great fuel during a forest fire.

    Posted by: Jake at January 7, 2006 03:06 PM
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